Operators

Introduction

Operators in C++ are symbols that let you perform operations on variables and values. They include arithmetic, logical, comparison, assignment, and bitwise operators. C++ also supports increment/decrement, conditional expressions, and compound assignment. These form the core of most logic and math in any C++ program, including robotics control with VEXcode IQ (2nd gen).

Arithmetic

Name	Symbol	Operator	Example
Addition	+	a + b	5 + 3   // 8
Subtraction	-	a - b	10 - 3  // 7
Multiplication	*	a * b	5 * 3   // 15
Division	/	a / b	10 / 4  // 2 (integer division)
Modulo	%	a % b	10 % 4  // 2
Negation	-	-a	-5      // -5

Augmented Arithmetic

Name	Symbol	Operator	Example
Addition	+=	a += b	int a = 5; int b = 3; a += b; // a = 8
Subtraction	-=	a -= b	int a = 10; int b = 4; a -= b; // a = 6
Multiplication	*=	a *= b	int a = 2; int b = 3; a *= b; // a = 6
Division	/=	a /= b	int a = 10; int b = 4; a /= b; // a = 2
Modulo	%=	a %= b	int a = 10; int b = 3; a %= b; // a = 1

Comparison

Name	Symbol	Operator	Example
Equality	==	a == b	5 == 5    // true
Inequality	!=	a != b	5 != 10   // true
Greater Than	>	a > b	10 > 5    // true
Less Than	<	a < b	5 < 10    // true
Greater Than or Equal	>=	a >= b	10 >= 10  // true
Less Than or Equal	<=	a <= b	5 <= 5    // true

Logical

Name	Symbol	Operator	Example
Logical AND	&&	a && b	true && false   // false
Logical OR	||	a || b	false || true  // true
Logical NOT	!	!a	!true           // false

Assignment

Name	Symbol	Operator	Example
Assignment	=	a = b	int a = 10;

Bitwise

Name	Symbol	Operator	Example
Bitwise AND	&	a & b	6 & 3   // 2 (0b110 & 0b011)
Bitwise OR	|	a | b	6 | 3   // 7 (0b110 | 0b011)
Bitwise XOR	^	a ^ b	6 ^ 3   // 5 (0b110 ^ 0b011)
Bitwise NOT	~	~a	~5      // -6
Left Shift	<<	a << b	2 << 3  // 16
Right Shift	>>	a >> b	16 >> 2 // 4

Augmented Bitwise

Name	Symbol	Operator	Example
Bitwise AND	&=	a &= b	int a = 6; a &= 3;  // a = 2
Bitwise OR	|=	a |= b	int a = 6; a |= 3; // a = 7
Bitwise XOR	^=	a ^= b	int a = 6; a ^= 3;  // a = 5
Left Shift	<<=	a <<= b	int a = 5; a <<= 2; // a = 20
Right Shift	>>=	a >>= b	int a = 20; a >>= 2; // a = 5

Ternary (Conditional)

Name	Syntax	Example
Conditional Operator	condition ? expr1 : expr2	int a = 6; int b = 3; int max = (a > b) ? a : b;

Increment / Decrement

Name	Symbol	Operator	Example
Pre-Increment	++	++a	int a = 5; int b = ++a; // a = 6, b = 6
Post-Increment	++	a++	int a = 5; int b = a++; // a = 6, b = 5
Pre-Decrement	--	--a	int a = 5; int b = --a; // a = 4, b = 4
Post-Decrement	--	a--	int a = 5; int b = a--; // a = 4, b = 5