光学传感器

介绍

V5 光学传感器结合了 RGB 颜色传感器和接近传感器，能够检测附近物体的颜色、亮度和是否存在。它还可以利用内置 LED 灯照亮物体，从而实现更精确的检测。

This page uses optical_sensor as the example Optical Sensor name. Replace it with your own configured name as needed.

以下是可用方法列表：

• set_light – Turns the Optical Sensor’s LED on or off.

• set_light_power – Adjusts the brightness of the Optical Sensor’s LED.

• is_near_object – Returns whether the Optical Sensor is detecting an object.

• color – Returns whether the Optical Sensor is detecting a specified color.

• brightness – Returns the amount of light reflected from the object as a percent.

• hue – Returns the hue value of the detected color.

• object_detected – Registers a function to be called whenever the Optical Sensor detects an object.

• object_lost – Registers a function to be called whenever the Optical Sensor loses an object.

构造函数 - 手动初始化光学传感器。

• Optical – Creates an Optical Sensor.

设置灯光

set_light turns the Optical Sensor’s LED on or off. This can help increase the sensor’s accuracy when detecting colors.

Usage:
optical_sensor.set_light(state)

参数	描述
状态	The state to set the LED to: LEDStateType.ON – Also sets the LED’s brightness to 100%. LEDStateType.OFF

# Turn on the sensor's LED
optical_sensor.set_light(LEDStateType.ON)

设置灯光功率

set_light_power sets the brightness of the Optical Sensor’s LED. If the LED’s brightness is set above 0 while it is off, it will automatically turn the LED on.

Usage:
optical_sensor.set_light_power(percent)

参数	描述
百分比	将 LED 亮度设置为百分比。
单位	The unit to represent the brightness: PERCENT

# Turn on the sensor's at half brightness
optical_sensor.set_light_power(50, PERCENT)

靠近对象

is_near_object returns whether the Optical Sensor is detecting an object.

• True – The Optical Sensor is detecting an object.

• False – The Optical Sensor is not detecting an object.

Usage:
optical_sensor.is_near_object()

参数	描述
	此方法没有参数。

# Drive forward until an object is found
drivetrain.drive(FORWARD)
while not optical_sensor.is_near_object():
  pass
drivetrain.stop()

颜色

color returns an RGB value corresponding to a predefined color. These can be compared to Color objects to create conditional statements.

可选颜色有：

• Color.BLACK

• Color.WHITE

• Color.RED - A hue value between 340° - 20°

• Color.GREEN - A hue value between 80° - 140°

• Color.BLUE - A hue value between 200° - 240°

• Color.YELLOW - A hue value between 40° - 60°

• Color.ORANGE - A hue value between 20° - 40°

• Color.PURPLE - A hue value between 240° - 280°

• Color.CYAN - A hue value between 140° - 200°

Note: The Optical Sensor is looking for hue ranges that match the specified color. For detecting specific hue ranges, see hue.

Usage:
optical_sensor.color()

参数	描述
	此方法没有参数。

# Drive forward until red is found
drivetrain.drive(FORWARD)
while not optical_sensor.color() == Color.RED:
  pass
drivetrain.stop()

亮度

brightness returns the amount of light reflected from the object as a percent.

Usage:
optical_sensor.brightness()

参数	描述
	此方法没有参数。

色调

hue returns the hue value of the detected color.

该值范围为 0 到 359 度，与色轮相对应：

Usage: optical_sensor.hue

参数	描述
	此方法没有参数。

# Look for the color pink using hue
while True:
  brain.screen.clear_screen()
  brain.screen.set_cursor(1, 1)

  if 300 < optical_sensor.hue() < 359:
    brain.screen.print("This is pink!")
  else:
    brain.screen.print("No pink detected!")

检测到目标

object_detected registers a function to be called whenever the Optical Sensor detects a new object.

Usage:
optical_sensor.object_detected(callback, arg)

参数	描述
callback	先前定义的 函数，当光学传感器检测到新物体时执行。
arg	可选。包含要传递给回调函数的参数的元组。有关更多信息，请参阅使用带参数的函数。

def my_function():
  brain.screen.print("Optical Sensor detected an object")

# Call my_function whenever optical_sensor detects an object
optical_sensor.object_detected(my_function)

丢失对象

object_lost registers a function to be called whenever the Optical Sensor loses a detected object.

Usage:
optical_sensor.object_lost(callback, arg)

参数	描述
callback	先前定义的 函数，当光学传感器丢失检测到的对象时执行。
arg	可选。包含要传递给回调函数的参数的元组。有关更多信息，请参阅使用带参数的函数。

def my_function():
  brain.screen.print("Optical Sensor lost an object")

# Call my_function whenever optical_sensor loses an object
optical_sensor.object_lost(my_function)

构造函数

Constructors are used to manually create Optical objects, which are necessary for configuring an Optical Sensor outside of VEXcode.

Optical

Optical creates an Optical Sensor.

Usage:
Optical(smartport)

范围	描述
smartport	The Smart Port that the Optical Sensor is connected to, written as Ports.PORTx where x is the number of the port.

# Create an Optical Sensor in Port 10
optical_sensor = Optical(Ports.PORT10)