Pantalla

Introducción

The Screen methods control how the V5 Brain shows text, numbers, and graphics on its touchscreen, and how it responds to touch input.

De forma predeterminada, la fuente para imprimir en Brain es monoespaciada pequeña, que tiene 12 filas y 48 columnas.

For drawing, the Brain’s resolution is 480 x 240 pixels.

A continuación se muestra una lista de todos los métodos:

Impresión con cursor: Coloca e imprime texto.

• print — Prints text, numbers, or variable values at the current cursor position.

• set_cursor — Moves the cursor to a specific row and column.

• next_row — Moves the cursor to column 1 of the next row.

• clear_row — Clears a row of text.

• row — Returns the row where text will be printed.

• column — Returns the column where text will be printed.

• print_at — Prints text, numbers, or variable values at a specific x and y coordinate.

• get_string_width — Returns the width of a string in pixels using the current font.

• get_string_height — Returns the height of a string in pixels using the current font.

• clear_line — Clears a line of text.

• new_line — Moves the cursor to a new line.

Motadores: Cambian la configuración de la pantalla, los colores y el comportamiento de dibujo.

• clear_screen — Clears the screen of all drawings and text.

• set_font — Sets the font for printed text.

• set_pen_width — Sets the thickness of drawn lines and shape outlines.

• set_pen_color — Sets the color of text, pixels, lines, and shape outlines.

• set_fill_color — Sets the fill color for drawn shapes and printed text backgrounds.

• set_origin — Sets the origin used for coordinate-based printing and drawing.

Dibujar: Añadir gráficos a la pantalla.

• draw_pixel — Draws one pixel at a coordinate.

• draw_line — Draws a line between two points.

• draw_rectangle — Draws a rectangle.

• draw_circle — Draws a circle.

• render — Updates the Brain’s screen with text and drawings only when called.

• set_clip_region — Restricts where drawings and text can appear.

Getters — Check touch state and touch position.

• pressing — Returns whether the screen is being pressed.

• x_position — Returns the x-coordinate of the last screen press.

• y_position — Returns the y-coordinate of the last screen press.

Funciones de devolución de llamada: Responden a los eventos táctiles en la pantalla.

• pressed — Registers a function to be called when the screen is pressed.

• released — Registers a function to be called when the screen is released.

For information on constructing a Brain to gain access to the screen methods, see Brain.

Cursor Imprimir

print

print prints text, numbers, or variable values on the Brain screen at the current cursor position and font.

Uso:

brain.screen.print(text, sep, precision)

Parámetros	Descripción
text	The text, number, or variable value to print.
sep	Optional. A string to insert between values. This must be written as a keyword argument (sep=). The default is “”.
precision	Optional. The number of decimal places to display when printing simple numbers. This must be written as a keyword argument(precision=). The default is 2.

# Print on the Brain's screen
brain.screen.print("Hello, Robot!")

set_cursor

set_cursor moves the cursor to a specific row and column on the Brain screen. The next print call will start printing at that location. How many rows and columns can comfortably fit depends on the selected font. With the default monospaced medium font, up to 8 rows and 13 columns can be displayed clearly. Text placed beyond this range may be cut off or become difficult to read.

Monospaced fonts have characters that are all the same width, making text placement consistent. In contrast, proportional fonts vary in character width, so some letters take up more space than others. However, regardless of which type is used, set_cursor positions the cursor based on row and column size, not font style. The font size can be adjusted using the set_font.

Uso:

brain.screen.set_cursor(row, column)

Parámetros	Descripción
row	The row to move the cursor to.
column	The column to move the cursor to.

# Display text starting at Row 3 Column 12
brain.screen.set_cursor(3, 12)
brain.screen.print("Row 3, Column 12")

next_row

next_row moves the cursor to the next row.

Uso:

brain.screen.next_row()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Print two lines of text on the Brain's screen
brain.screen.print("Line 1")
brain.screen.next_row()
brain.screen.print("Line 2")

clear_row

clear_row clears a single row of text on the Brain screen.

Uso:

brain.screen.clear_row(row, color)

Parámetros	Descripción
row	Opcional. La fila que se va a borrar. El valor predeterminado es la fila actual del cursor.
color	Opcional. Un color válido, un valor hexadecimal o una cadena web.

# Only keep the text on row 1
brain.screen.print("This text stays")
brain.screen.next_row
brain.screen.print("This text disappears")
wait(3, SECONDS)

brain.screen.clear_row()

row

row returns the row where text will be printed as an integer.

Uso:

brain.screen.row()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Display the cursor's current row
brain.screen.set_cursor(3, 2)
brain.screen.print(brain.screen.row())

column

column returns the column where text will be printed as an integer.

Uso:

brain.screen.column()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Display the cursor's current column
brain.screen.set_cursor(3, 15)
brain.screen.print(brain.screen.column())

print_at

print_at prints text, numbers, or variable values on the Brain screen at specific x and y coordinates with the current font and origin.

Uso:

brain.screen.print_at(text, x, y, sep, precision, opaque)

Parámetros	Descripción
text	The text, number, or variable value to print.
x	The x-coordinate to print at as a keyword argument (x=), referenced to the screen origin.
y	The y-coordinate to print at as a keyword argument (y=), referenced to the screen origin.
sep	Optional. A string to insert between values. This must be written as a keyword argument (sep=). The default is ” “.
precision	Optional. The number of decimal places to display when printing simple numbers. This must be written as a keyword argument(precision=). The default is 2.
opaque	Optional. A Boolean value indicating whether or not the text should clear background pixels. The default is True.

# Display text at the center of the screen
brain.screen.print_at("Center", x=220, y=120)

get_string_width

get_string_width returns the width of a string in pixels as an integer, using the current font.

Usage:
brain.screen.get_string_width(string)

Parámetros	Descripción
string	La cuerda a medir.

get_string_height

get_string_height returns the height of a string in pixels as an integer, using the current font.

Usage:
brain.screen.get_string_height(string)

Parámetros	Descripción
string	La cuerda a medir.

clear_line

clear_line clears the current row of text.

Usage: brain.screen.clear_line()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

new_line

new_line moves the cursor to column 1 on the next row on the Brain screen.

Uso:

brain.screen.new_line()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

Mutadores

clear_screen

clear_screen clears all drawings and text from the Brain screen.

Uso:

brain.screen.clear_screen(color)

Parámetros	Descripción
color	Optional. A valid color option: Color.RED Color.GREEN Color.BLUE Color.YELLOW Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.CYAN Color.BLACK (Default) Color.WHITE

# Print VEXcode on the screen
brain.screen.print("VEXcode")
wait(2, SECONDS)
# Clear screen to black
brain.screen.clear_screen()

# Print VEXcode on the screen
brain.screen.print("VEXcode")

# Clear screen to blue using predefined color
brain.screen.clear_screen(Color.BLUE)

set_font

set_font sets the font used for displaying text on the Brain screen. This font will apply to all text printed after this method runs.

Uso:

brain.screen.set_font(font)

Parámetros	Descripción
font	Una opción de fuente válida a continuación.

FontType.MONO12	FontType.MONO15	FontType.MONO20
FontType.MONO30	FontType.MONO40	FontType.MONO60
FontType.PROP20	FontType.PROP30	FontType.PROP40
FontType.PROP60

# Set the font type to MONO40
brain.screen.set_font(FontType.MONO40)
brain.screen.print("VEX")

set_pen_width

set_pen_width sets the thickness of drawn lines and shape outlines.

Uso:

brain.screen.set_pen_width(value)

Parámetros	Descripción
value	The pen width, in pixels, from 0 to 32.

# Draw a rectangle with a pen width of 10
brain.screen.set_pen_width(10)
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(50, 50, 130, 60)

set_pen_color

set_pen_color sets the color of text, pixels, lines, and shape outlines.

Uso:

brain.screen.set_pen_color(color)

Parámetros	Descripción
color	The pen and font color to use. Options include: Color.RED Color.GREEN Color.BLUE Color.YELLOW Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.CYAN Color.TRANSPARENT Color.WHITE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a rectangle with orange borders
brain.screen.set_pen_color(Color.ORANGE)
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(50, 50, 130, 60)

set_fill_color

set_fill_color sets the fill color used when shapes are drawn.

Uso:

brain.screen.set_fill_color(color)

Parámetros	Descripción
color	The fill color to use. Options include: Color.RED Color.GREEN Color.BLUE Color.YELLOW Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.CYAN Color.TRANSPARENT Color.WHITE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a purple rectangle
brain.screen.set_fill_color(Color.PURPLE)
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(50, 130, 100, 60)

set_origin

set_origin sets the origin used for drawing and coordinate-based printing on the Brain screen. By default, the origin is the top-left corner of the screen.

Uso:

brain.screen.set_origin(x, y)

Parámetros	Descripción
x	The x-coordinate to set as the origin, from 0 to 479.
y	The y-coordinate to set as the origin, from 0 to 239.

Dibujar

draw_pixel

draw_pixel draws one pixel at the selected x and y coordinate using the current pen color.

Uso:

brain.screen.draw_pixel(x, y)

Parámetros	Descripción
x	The x-coordinate to draw the pixel, from 0 to 479, referenced to the screen origin.
y	The y-coordinate to draw the pixel, from 0 to 239, referenced to the screen origin.

# Draw the pixels marking the corners of a square
brain.screen.draw_pixel(250, 100)
brain.screen.draw_pixel(275, 100)
brain.screen.draw_pixel(250, 125)
brain.screen.draw_pixel(275, 125)

draw_line

draw_line draws a line from the first screen coordinate to the second screen coordinate using the current pen width and pen color.

Uso:

brain.screen.draw_line(start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y)

Parámetros	Descripción
start_x	The x-coordinate in pixels of the start of the line, from 0 to 479, referenced to the screen origin.
start_y	The y-coordinate in pixels of the start of the line, from 0 to 239, referenced to the screen origin.
end_x	The x-coordinate in pixels of the end of the line, from 0 to 479, referenced to the screen origin.
end_y	The y-coordinate in pixels of the end of the line, from 0 to 239, referenced to the screen origin.

# Draw a line from the top left to bottom right of the screen
brain.screen.draw_line(0, 0, 479, 239)

draw_rectangle

draw_rectangle draws a rectangle using the current pen width, pen color, and fill color, unless the optional color parameter is used.

Uso:

brain.screen.draw_rectangle(x, y, width, height, color)

Parámetros	Descripción
x	La coordenada x en píxeles de la esquina superior izquierda del rectángulo de 0 a 479.
y	La coordenada y en píxeles de la esquina superior izquierda del rectángulo de 0 a 239.
width	El ancho del rectángulo.
height	La altura del rectángulo.
color	Optional. A valid color option: Color.RED Color.GREEN Color.BLUE Color.YELLOW Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.CYAN Color.TRANSPARENT Color.WHITE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a rectangle on the screen
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(50, 50, 130, 60)

draw_circle

draw_circle draws a circle using the current pen width, pen color, and fill color, unless the optional color parameter is used.

Uso:

brain.screen.draw_circle(x, y, radius, color)

Parámetros	Descripción
x	The x-coordinate in pixels of the center of the circle, from 0 to 479, referenced to the screen origin.
y	The y-coordinate in pixels of the center of the circle, from 0 to 239, referenced to the screen origin.
radius	The radius of the circle, in pixels.
color	Optional. The fill color to use. Options include: Color.RED Color.GREEN Color.BLUE Color.YELLOW Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.CYAN Color.TRANSPARENT Color.WHITE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a circle on the screen
brain.screen.draw_circle(120, 120, 40)

render

render enables double buffering for the Brain’s screen. Once called, any drawing commands (like text, shapes, or images) will no longer appear immediately for the rest of the project. Instead, updates will only be shown when render is used again. This allows for smoother and more controlled screen updates, but means nothing will be visible until render is used.

Uso:

brain.screen.render()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Render text after moving
brain.screen.render()
brain.screen.print("Render later...")
drivetrain.drive_for(FORWARD, 100, MM)
drivetrain.turn_for(RIGHT, 90, DEGREES)
brain.screen.render()

set_clip_region

set_clip_region defines a rectangular area on the screen where all drawings and text will be confined. Any content outside this region will not be displayed.

Uso:

brain.screen.set_clip_region(x, y, width, height)

Parámetros	Descripción
x	La posición x de la esquina superior izquierda del rectángulo, referenciada al origen de la pantalla.
y	La posición y de la esquina superior izquierda del rectángulo, referenciada al origen de la pantalla.
width	El ancho del rectángulo.
height	La altura del rectángulo.

# Restrict text and drawings to a specific region
brain.screen.set_clip_region(0, 0, 120, 120)
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(60, 60, 100, 100, Color.RED)
brain.screen.print_at("Cut off!", x=60, y=60)

Tocar

pressing

pressing returns a Boolean indicating whether the Brain screen is currently being pressed.

• True - The screen is being pressed.

• False - The screen is not being pressed.

Uso:

brain.screen.pressing()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Change the screen's color after it's pressed
while not brain.screen.pressing():
    wait(5, MSEC)
brain.screen.set_fill_color(Color.GREEN)
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(0, 0, 479, 239)

# Display different messages after the screen is pressed
while not brain.screen.pressing():
    wait(5, MSEC)
brain.screen.print("First message!")
brain.screen.next_row()
# Lift finger to press the screen again
while brain.screen.pressing():
    wait(5, MSEC)
while not brain.screen.pressing():
    wait(5, MSEC)
brain.screen.print("Second message!")
brain.screen.next_row()

x_position

x_position returns the x-coordinate of the last screen press as an integer from 0 (left) to 479 (right).

Uso:

brain.screen.x_position()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Display a circle where the screen is pressed
while not brain.screen.pressing():
    wait(5, MSEC)
brain.screen.set_fill_color(Color.WHITE)
brain.screen.draw_circle(brain.screen.x_position(), brain.screen.y_position(), 20)

y_position

y_position returns the y-coordinate of the last screen press as an integer from 0 (top) to 239 (bottom).

Uso:

brain.screen.y_position()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Display a circle where the screen is pressed
while not brain.screen.pressing():
    wait(5, MSEC)
brain.screen.set_fill_color(Color.WHITE)
brain.screen.draw_circle(brain.screen.x_position(), brain.screen.y_position(), 20)

Devoluciones de llamadas

pressed

pressed registers a function to be called when the Brain’s Screen is pressed.

Uso:

brain.screen.pressed(callback, arg)

Parámetros	Descripción
callback	Una función definida previamente que se ejecuta cuando se presiona la pantalla del Cerebro.
arg	Optional. A tuple containing arguments to pass to the callback function. See Using Functions with Parameters for more information.

def my_function():
  brain.screen.print("Screen pressed")

# Call my_function whenever the Brain screen is pressed
brain.screen.pressed(my_function)

released

released registers a function to be called when the screen is released (touch removed).

Uso:

brain.screen.released(callback, arg)

Parámetros	Descripción
callback	Una función definida previamente que se ejecuta cuando se suelta la pantalla del cerebro.
arg	Optional. A tuple containing arguments to pass to the callback function. See Using Functions with Parameters for more information.

def my_function():
  brain.screen.print("Screen released")

# Call my_function whenever the Brain screen is released
brain.screen.released(my_function)