屏幕

介绍

屏幕方法控制 IQ（第二代）大脑如何在其内置屏幕上显示文本、数字和图形。

大脑的绘图分辨率为 160 x 108 像素。

This page uses brain as the example Brain name. Replace it with your own configured name as needed.

以下是所有方法的列表：

光标打印 — 放置并打印文本。

• print — Prints text, numbers, or variable values at the current cursor position.

• set_cursor — Moves the cursor to a specific row and column.

• next_row — Moves the cursor to column 1 of the next row.

• clear_row — Clears a row of text.

• row — Returns the row where text will be printed.

• column — Returns the column where text will be printed.

• print_at — Prints text, numbers, or variable values at a specific x and y coordinate.

• get_string_width — Returns the width of a string in pixels using the current font.

• get_string_height — Returns the height of a string in pixels using the current font.

修改器——更改屏幕设置、颜色和绘制行为。

• clear_screen — Clears the screen of all drawings and text.

• set_font — Sets the font for printed text.

• set_pen_width — Sets the thickness of drawn lines and shape outlines.

• set_pen_color — Sets the color of text, pixels, lines, and shape outlines.

• set_fill_color — Sets the fill color for drawn shapes and printed text backgrounds.

• set_origin — Sets the origin used for coordinate-based printing and drawing.

绘制 — 在屏幕上添加图形。

• draw_pixel — Draws one pixel at a coordinate.

• draw_line — Draws a line between two points.

• draw_rectangle — Draws a rectangle.

• draw_circle — Draws a circle.

• set_clip_region — Restricts where drawings and text can appear.

• render — Updates the Brain’s screen with text and drawings only when called.

光标打印

print

print prints text, numbers, or variable values on the Brain screen at the current cursor position and font.

Usage:
brain.screen.print(text, precision, opaque)

参数	描述
text	要在屏幕上打印的文本、数字或变量值。
precision	Optional. The number of decimal places to display when displaying numbers. This must be written as a keyword argument, ie:precision=3. Default is 2.
opaque	Optional. opaque=True — The background of the text will be filled with the current fill color or black by default. opaque=False (default) — The background of the text will match the screen’s background color.

# Display a message at the starting
# cursor position
brain.screen.print("Hello, Robot!")

# Display a percentage with 4 decimal
# places and a blue background
brain.screen.set_fill_color(Color.BLUE)
brain.screen.print((42/100), precision = 4, opaque = True)

set_cursor

set_cursor moves the cursor to a specific row and column on the Brain screen. The next print call will start printing at that location. How many rows and columns can comfortably fit depends on the selected font.

Monospaced fonts have characters that are all the same width, making text placement consistent. In contrast, proportional fonts vary in character width, so some letters take up more space than others. However, regardless of which type is used, set_cursor positions the cursor based on row and column size, not font style. The font size can be adjusted using set_font.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_cursor(row, column)

参数	描述
row	要将光标移动到的行。
column	要将光标移动到的列。

# Repeatedly print the Brain's timer at
# the top left of the screen
while True:
    brain.screen.print(brain.timer.time(SECONDS))
    brain.screen.next_row()
    wait(1, SECONDS)
    brain.screen.clear_screen()
    brain.screen.set_cursor(1, 1)

next_row

next_row moves the cursor to column 1 on the next row on the Brain screen.

Usage:
brain.screen.next_row()

参数	描述
	该方法没有参数。

# Display two lines of text
brain.screen.print("Line 1")
brain.screen.next_row()
brain.screen.print("Line 2")

clear_row

clear_row clears a single row of text on the Brain screen.

Usage:
brain.screen.clear_row(row, color)

参数	描述
排	可选。要清除的行。默认值为当前光标所在行。
颜色	Optional. The color to apply to the cleared row. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Display text on two rows
brain.screen.print("This text stays")
brain.screen.next_row()
brain.screen.print("This disappears")

# Wait 3 seconds before clearing
# only the second row
wait(3, SECONDS)
brain.screen.clear_row()

# Turn the 5th row green
brain.screen.clear_row(5, Color.GREEN)

row

row returns the row where text will be printed as an integer.

Usage:
brain.screen.row()

参数	描述
	该方法没有参数。

# Set cursor to (3,2) and print 
# row number
brain.screen.set_cursor(3, 2)
brain.screen.print(brain.screen.row())

column

column returns the column where text will be printed as an integer.

Usage:
brain.screen.column()

参数	描述
	该方法没有参数。

# Set cursor to (3,2) and print 
# column number
brain.screen.set_cursor(3, 2)
brain.screen.print(brain.screen.column())

print_at

print_at prints text, numbers, or variable values on the Brain screen at a specified x and y coordinate in pixels with the currently set font and origin. This method disregards the current cursor position.

Usage:
brain.screen.print_at(text, x, y, precision, opaque)

参数	描述
text	要打印的文本、数字或变量值。
x	The x-coordinate to print at as a keyword argument, ie: x=, referenced to the screen origin.
y	The y-coordinate to print at as a keyword argument, ie: y=, referenced to the screen origin.
precision	Optional. The number of decimal places to display when displaying numbers. This must be written as a keyword argument, ie:precision=3. Default is 2.
opaque	Optional. opaque=True — The background of the text will be filled with the current fill color or black by default. opaque=False (default) — The background of the text will match the screen’s background color.

# Print the number 1 on the Brain's screen at position (100, 40)
brain.screen.print_at(1, x=100, y=40)

# Display 1/3 with 3 decimal places and a blue background
brain.screen.set_fill_color(Color.BLUE)
brain.screen.print_at((1/3), x=100, y=40, precision=3, opaque=True)

get_string_width

get_string_width returns the width of a string in pixels as an integer, as it would appear on the Brain’s screen. The width varies depending on the string’s length and the current font.

Usage:
brain.screen.get_string_width(string)

参数	描述
string	要测量的字符串。

get_string_height

get_string_height returns the height of a string in pixels as an integer, as it would appear on the Brain screen. The height varies depending on the string’s length and the current font.

Usage:
brain.screen.get_string_height(string)

参数	描述
string	要测量的字符串。

修改器

clear_screen

clear_screen clears all drawings and text from the Brain’s screen.

Usage:
brain.screen.clear_screen(color)

参数	描述
color	Optional. Sets the screen color. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a circle and clear it after 
# 2 seconds
brain.screen.draw_circle(80, 50, 20)
wait(2, SECONDS)
brain.screen.clear_screen()

# Turn the screen red
brain.screen.clear_screen(Color.RED)

set_font

set_font sets the font used for displaying text on the Brain screen. This font will apply to all text printed with print or print_at. The default font at the start of a project is MONO20.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_font(fontname)

范围	描述
fontname	Sets the font to one of the following: MONO12 MONO15 MONO20 MONO30 MONO40 MONO60 PROP20 PROP30 PROP40 PROP60 These options are shown below.

MONO12	MONO15	MONO20
MONO30	MONO40	MONO60
PROP20	PROP30	PROP40
PROP60

# Display two different fonts on 
# two separate lines
brain.screen.set_font(FontType.MONO20)
brain.screen.print("Mono Medium")
brain.screen.next_row()
brain.screen.set_font(FontType.PROP20)
brain.screen.print("Prop Medium")

set_pen_width

set_pen_width sets the thickness of drawn lines and shape outlines.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_pen_width(width)

范围	描述
width	笔的宽度，以像素为单位，范围从 0 到 32。

# Draw two circles with
# different pen widths
brain.screen.draw_circle(40, 70, 20)
brain.screen.set_pen_width(5)
brain.screen.draw_circle(100, 70, 20)

set_pen_color

set_pen_color sets the color of text, pixels, lines, and shape outlines.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_pen_color(color)

范围	描述
color	Optional. The pen and font color to use. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw two rectangles with
# different colors
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(100, 50, 10, 20)
brain.screen.set_pen_color(Color.BLUE)
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(50, 50, 10, 20)

set_fill_color

set_fill_color sets the fill color used when shapes are drawn.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_fill_color(color)

范围	描述
color	Optional. The fill color to use. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a yellow circle
brain.screen.set_fill_color(Color.YELLOW)
brain.screen.draw_circle(50, 50, 20)

set_origin

set_origin sets the origin used for drawing and coordinate-based printing on the Brain screen. By default, the origin is the top-left corner of the screen.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_origin(x, y)

范围	描述
x	要设置为原点的新 x 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 159 之间的整数。
y	要设置为原点的新 y 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 107 之间的整数。

# Draw a line with the origin set to (50, 50)
brain.screen.set_origin(50, 50)
brain.screen.draw_line(1, 1, 159, 107)

画

draw_pixel

draw_pixel draws one pixel at the selected x and y coordinate using the current pen color.

Usage:
brain.screen.draw_pixel(x, y)

范围	描述
x	像素绘制位置的 x 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 159 之间的整数。
y	像素绘制位置的 y 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 107 之间的整数。

# Draw one pixel at the center
# of the screen
brain.screen.draw_pixel(80, 50)

draw_line

draw_line draws a line from the first screen coordinate (x1, y1) to the second screen coordinate (x2, y2) using the current pen width and pen color.

The x and y-coordinates use the default origin of (0, 0) unless a different origin has been set using set_origin.

Usage:
brain.screen.draw_line(x1, y1, x2, y2)

范围	描述
x1	直线的起始 x 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 159 的整数。
y1	直线的起始 y 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 107 的整数。
x2	直线的终点 x 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 159 的整数。
y2	直线的终点 y 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 107 的整数。

# Draw a line from the top left to
# bottom right of the screen
brain.screen.draw_line(0, 0, 159, 107)

draw_rectangle

draw_rectangle draws a rectangle with its top-left corner at the selected (x, y) coordinate and a size determined by the given width and height, all measured in pixels. The rectangle’s outline is drawn using the current pen width and pen color. The interior is filled with the current fill color, unless the optional color parameter is used.

The x and y-coordinates use the default origin of (0,0) unless a different origin has been set using set_origin.

Usage:
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(x, y, width, height, color)

范围	描述
x	矩形左上角的 x 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 159 的整数。
y	矩形左上角的 y 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 107 的整数。
width	矩形的宽度，以像素为单位。
height	矩形的高度，以像素为单位。
color	Optional. The fill color of the rectangle. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a red rectangle on the screen
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(25, 25, 100, 50, Color.RED)

draw_circle

draw_circle draws a circle with its center at the selected (x, y) coordinate and a size determined by the given radius, all measured in pixels. The circle’s outline is drawn using the current pen width and pen color. The interior is filled with the current fill color, unless the optional color parameter is used.

The x and y-coordinates use the default origin of (0,0) unless a different origin has been set using set_origin.

Usage:
brain.screen.draw_circle(x, y, radius, color)

范围	描述
x	圆心的 x 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 159 的整数。
y	圆心的 y 坐标，取值范围为 0 到 107 的整数。
radius	圆的半径，以像素为单位。
color	Optional. The fill color of the circle. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a green circle on the screen
brain.screen.draw_circle(80, 50, 20, Color.GREEN)

set_clip_region

set_clip_region defines a rectangular area on the screen where all drawings and text will be confined. Any content outside this region will not be displayed.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_clip_region(x, y, width, height)

范围	描述
x	剪辑区域左上角的 x 坐标，以 0 到 159 之间的整数或浮点数表示。
y	剪辑区域左上角的 y 坐标，以 0 到 107 之间的整数或浮点数表示。
width	剪辑区域的宽度（以像素为单位）。
height	裁剪区域的高度（以像素为单位）。

# Restrict text and drawings to a specific region
brain.screen.set_clip_region(0, 0, 120, 120)
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(60, 60, 100, 100, Color.RED)
brain.screen.print_at("Cut off!", x=60, y=60)

render

render enables double buffering for the Brain’s screen. Once called, any drawing commands (like text, shapes, or images) will no longer appear immediately for the rest of the project. Instead, updates will only be shown when render is used again. This allows for smoother and more controlled screen updates, but means nothing will be visible until render is used.

Usage:
brain.screen.render()

参数	描述
	该方法没有参数。

# Render text after moving
brain.screen.render()
brain.screen.print("Render later...")
drivetrain.drive_for(FORWARD, 100, MM)
drivetrain.turn_for(RIGHT, 90, DEGREES)
brain.screen.render()