Pantalla

Introducción

La pantalla cerebral VEX IQ (2.ª generación) ofrece una variedad de métodos para mostrar información, dibujar formas y controlar los elementos visuales de la pantalla.

Para los ejemplos siguientes, el cerebro construido incluye acceso a los métodos de Pantalla y se utilizará en todos los ejemplos posteriores en esta documentación de API cuando se haga referencia a esos métodos.

A continuación se muestra una lista de todos los métodos:

Cursor Imprimir – Colocar e imprimir texto.

• print – Prints text at the current cursor position.

• set_cursor – Sets the cursor to a specific row and column.

• next_row – Moves the cursor to column 1 of the next row.

• clear_row – Clears a row of text.

• row – Returns the current cursor row.

• column – Returns the current cursor column.

• print_at – Prints text at a specific x and y location.

• get_string_width – Returns the width of a string in pixels.

• get_string_height – Returns the height of a string in pixels.

Mutadores: cambian la configuración de la pantalla, los colores y el comportamiento del dibujo.

• clear_screen – Clears the screen of all drawings and text.

• set_font – Sets the font for printed text.

• set_pen_width – Sets the thickness for drawn shapes and lines.

• set_pen_color – Sets the color for outlines and text.

• set_fill_color – Sets the fill color for shapes and backgrounds.

• set_origin – Sets a new origin for printing and drawing.

Dibujar – Agregar gráficos a la pantalla.

• draw_pixel – Draws a pixel at a specific x and y position.

• draw_line – Draws a line between two points.

• draw_rectangle – Draws a rectangle.

• draw_circle – Draws a circle.

• set_clip_region – Restricts where drawings and text can appear.

• render – Updates the Brain’s screen with text and drawings only when called.

Cursor Imprimir

print

print displays text on the Brain’s screen at the current cursor position and font.

Usage:
brain.screen.print(text, precision, opaque)

Parámetros	Descripción
text	El texto, número o valor de variable que se mostrará en la pantalla.
precision	Optional. The number of decimal places to display when displaying numbers. This must be written as a keyword argument, ie:precision=3. Default is 2.
opaque	Optional. opaque=True – The background of the text will be filled with the current fill color or black by default. opaque=False (default) – The background of the text will match the screen’s background color.

# Display a message at the starting 
# cursor position
brain.screen.print("Hello, Robot!")

# Display a percentage with 4 decimal 
# places and a blue background
brain.screen.set_fill_color(Color.BLUE)
brain.screen.print((42/100), precision = 4, opaque = True)

set_cursor

set_cursor sets the cursor at a specific row and column on the Brain’s screen. How many rows and columns can comfortably fit depends on the selected font.

Monospaced fonts have characters that are all the same width, making text placement consistent. In contrast, proportional fonts vary in character width, so some letters take up more space than others. However, regardless of which type is used, set_cursor positions the cursor based on row and column size, not font style. The font size can be adjusted using set_font.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_cursor(row, column)

Parámetros	Descripción
row	La fila del cursor.
column	La columna del cursor.

# Repeatedly print the Brain's timer at 
# the top left of the screen
while True:
    brain.screen.print(brain.timer.time(SECONDS))
    brain.screen.next_row()
    wait(1, SECONDS)
    brain.screen.clear_screen()
    brain.screen.set_cursor(1, 1)

next_row

next_row moves the cursor to column 1 on the next row on the Brain’s screen.

Usage:
brain.screen.next_row()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Display two lines of text
brain.screen.print("Line 1")
brain.screen.next_row()
brain.screen.print("Line 2")

clear_row

clear_row clears a row of drawings and text on the Brain’s screen.

Usage:
brain.screen.clear_row(row, color)

Parámetros	Descripción
fila	Opcional. La fila que se va a borrar. El valor predeterminado es la fila actual del cursor.
color	Optional. The color to apply to the cleared row. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Display text on two rows
brain.screen.print("This text stays")
brain.screen.next_row()
brain.screen.print("This disappears")

# Wait 3 seconds before clearing 
# only the second row
wait(3, SECONDS)
brain.screen.clear_row()

# Turn the 5th row green
brain.screen.clear_row(5, Color.GREEN)

row

row returns the current row where text will be printed as an integer.

Usage:
brain.screen.row()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Set cursor to (3,2) and print 
# row number
brain.screen.set_cursor(3, 2)
brain.screen.print(brain.screen.row())

column

column returns the current column where text will be printed as an integer.

Usage:
brain.screen.column()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Set cursor to (3,2) and print 
# column number
brain.screen.set_cursor(3, 2)
brain.screen.print(brain.screen.column())

print_at

print_at displays text on the Brain’s screen at a specified x and y-coordinate (in pixels) with the currently set font and set origin. This method disregards the current cursor position.

Usage:
brain.screen.print_at(text, x, y, precision, opaque)

Parámetros	Descripción
text	El texto a imprimir.
x	The x position to print at as a keyword argument, ie: x=, referenced to the screen origin.
y	The y position to print at as a keyword argument, ie: y=, referenced to the screen origin.
precision	Optional. The number of decimal places to display when displaying numbers. This must be written as a keyword argument, ie:precision=3. Default is 2.
opaque	Optional. opaque=True – The background of the text will be filled with the current fill color or black by default. opaque=False (default) – The background of the text will match the screen’s background color.

# Print the number 1 on the Brain's screen at position (100, 40)
brain.screen.print_at(1, x=100, y=40)

# Display 1/3 with 3 decimal places and a blue background
brain.screen.set_fill_color(Color.BLUE)
brain.screen.print_at((1/3), x=100, y=40, precision=3, opaque=True)

get_string_width

get_string_width returns the width of a string in pixels, as it would appear on the Brain’s screen. The width varies depending on the string’s length and the current font.

Usage:
brain.screen.get_string_width(string)

Parámetros	Descripción
string	La cuerda a medir.

# Display the width of a string in pixels
brain.screen.print("String width ")
brain.screen.print(brain.screen.get_string_width("Hello, Robot!"))

get_string_height

get_string_height returns the height of a string in pixels, as it would appear on the Brain’s screen. The width varies depending on the string’s length and the current font.

Usage:
brain.screen.get_string_height(string)

Parámetros	Descripción
cadena	La cuerda a medir.

# Display the height of a string in pixels
brain.screen.print("String height ")
brain.screen.print(brain.screen.get_string_height("Hello, Robot!"))

Mutadores

clear_screen

clear_screen clears all drawings and text from the Brain’s screen.

Usage:
brain.screen.clear_screen(color)

Parámetros	Descripción
color	Optional. Sets the screen color. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a circle and clear it after 
# 2 seconds
brain.screen.draw_circle(80, 50, 20)
wait(2, SECONDS)
brain.screen.clear_screen()

# Turn the screen red
brain.screen.clear_screen(Color.RED)

set_font

set_font sets the font used for displaying text on the Brain’s screen. This font will apply to all text printed with print or print_at. The default font at the start of a project is MONO20.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_font(fontname)

Parámetro	Descripción
fontname	Sets the font to one of the following: MONO12 MONO15 MONO20 MONO30 MONO40 MONO60 PROP20 PROP30 PROP40 PROP60 These options are shown below.

MONO12	MONO15	MONO20
MONO30	MONO40	MONO60
PROP20	PROP30	PROP40
PROP60

# Display two different fonts on 
# two separate lines
brain.screen.set_font(FontType.MONO20)
brain.screen.print("Mono Medium")
brain.screen.next_row()
brain.screen.set_font(FontType.PROP20)
brain.screen.print("Prop Medium")

set_pen_width

set_pen_width sets the pen width used for drawing lines and shapes.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_pen_width(width)

Parámetro	Descripción
width	El ancho del lápiz, expresado como un número entero en píxeles en un rango de 0 a 32.

# Draw two circles with 
# different pen widths
brain.screen.draw_circle(40, 70, 20)
brain.screen.set_pen_width(5)
brain.screen.draw_circle(100, 70, 20)

set_pen_color

set_pen_color sets the pen color used for drawing lines, shapes, and text.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_pen_color(color)

Parámetro	Descripción
color	Optional. Sets the pen color. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw two rectangles with 
# different colors
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(100, 50, 10, 20)
brain.screen.set_pen_color(Color.BLUE)
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(50, 50, 10, 20)

set_fill_color

set_fill_color method sets the fill color used when shapes are drawn.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_fill_color(color)

Parámetro	Descripción
color	Optional. Sets the fill color. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a yellow circle
brain.screen.set_fill_color(Color.YELLOW)
brain.screen.draw_circle(50, 50, 20)

set_origin

set_origin sets the origin (0,0) used for drawing or printing on the Brain’s screen. By default, drawing or printing methods consider the top left corner of the screen as the origin. This method can reset the origin to an alternate (x, y) screen coordinate location.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_origin(x, y)

Parámetro	Descripción
x	La nueva coordenada x que se establecerá como origen, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 160.
y	La nueva coordenada y que se establecerá como origen, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 108.

# Draw a line with the origin set to (50, 50)
brain.screen.set_origin(50, 50)
brain.screen.draw_line(1, 1, 159, 107)

Dibujar

draw_pixel

draw_pixel draws a pixel at the specified (x, y) screen coordinate in the current pen color. It uses the current pen color set by set_pen_color.

Usage:
brain.screen.draw_pixel(x, y)

Parámetro	Descripción
x	La coordenada x donde se dibujará el píxel, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 160.
y	La coordenada y donde se dibujará el píxel, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 108.

# Draw one pixel at the center 
# of the screen
brain.screen.draw_pixel(80, 50)

draw_line

draw_line draws a line from the first specified screen coordinate (x1, y1) to the second specified screen coordinate (x2, y2). It uses the current the pen width set by set_pen_width and pen color set by set_pen_color.

The x and y-coordinates use the default origin of (0, 0) unless a different origin has been set using set_origin.

Usage:
brain.screen.draw_line(x1, y1, x2, y2)

Parámetro	Descripción
x1	La coordenada x inicial de la línea, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 160.
y1	La coordenada y inicial de la línea, expresada como un número entero entre 0 y 108.
x2	La coordenada x final de la línea, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 160.
y2	La coordenada y final de la línea, expresada como un número entero entre 0 y 108.

# Draw a line from the top left to 
# bottom right of the screen
brain.screen.draw_line(0, 0, 159, 107)

draw_rectangle

draw_rectangle draws a rectangle with its top-left corner at the specified (x, y) coordinate and a size determined by the given width and height, all measured in pixels. The rectangle’s outline is drawn using the current pen width set by set_pen_width and the pen color set by set_pen_color. The interior is filled with the color set by set_fill_color.

The x and y-coordinates use the default origin of (0,0) unless a different origin has been set using set_origin.

Usage:
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(x, y, width, height, color)

Parámetro	Descripción
x	La coordenada x de la esquina superior izquierda del rectángulo, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 160.
y	La coordenada y de la esquina superior izquierda del rectángulo, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 108.
width	El ancho del rectángulo, expresado como un número entero de 0 a 160.
height	La altura del rectángulo, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 108.
color	Optional. The fill color of the rectangle. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a red rectangle on the screen
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(25, 25, 100, 50, Color.RED)

dibujar_círculo

draw_circle draws a circle with its center at the specified (x, y) coordinate and a size determined by the given radius, all measured in pixels. The circle’s outline is drawn using the current pen width set by set_pen_width and the pen color set by set_pen_color. The interior is filled with the color set by set_fill_color.

The x and y-coordinates use the default origin of (0,0) unless a different origin has been set using set_origin.

Usage:
brain.screen.draw_circle(x, y, radius, color)

Parámetro	Descripción
x	La coordenada x del centro del círculo, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 160.
y	La coordenada y del centro del círculo, expresada como un número entero de 0 a 160.
radius	El radio del círculo, expresado como un número entero de 0 a 108 píxeles.
color	Optional. The fill color of the circle. Options include: Color.BLACK Color.BLUE Color.BLUE_GREEN Color.BLUE_VIOLET Color.GREEN Color.ORANGE Color.PURPLE Color.RED COLOR.RED_ORANGE Color.RED_VIOLET Color.VIOLET Color.WHITE Color.YELLOW Color.YELLOW_GREEN Color.YELLOW_ORANGE You can also specify a custom color.

# Draw a green circle on the screen
brain.screen.draw_circle(80, 50, 20, Color.GREEN)

set_clip_region

set_clip_region defines a rectangular area on the screen where all drawings and text will be confined. Any content outside this region will not be displayed.

Usage:
brain.screen.set_clip_region(x, y, width, height)

Parámetro	Descripción
x	La coordenada x de la esquina superior izquierda de la región de recorte, expresada como un número entero o flotante de 0 a 160.
y	La coordenada y de la esquina superior izquierda de la región de recorte, expresada como un número entero o flotante de 0 a 108.
width	El ancho de la región de recorte en píxeles, expresado como un número entero o flotante de 0 a 160.
height	La altura de la región de recorte en píxeles, expresada como un entero o un punto flotante entre 0 y 108.

# Restrict text and drawings to a specific region
brain.screen.set_clip_region(0, 0, 120, 120)
brain.screen.draw_rectangle(60, 60, 100, 100, Color.RED)
brain.screen.print_at("Cut off!", x=60, y=60)

render

render enables double buffering for the Brain’s screen. Once called, any drawing commands (like text, shapes, or images) will no longer appear immediately for the rest of the project. Instead, updates will only be shown when render is used again. This allows for smoother and more controlled screen updates, but means nothing will be visible until render is used.

Usage:
brain.screen.render()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

# Render text after moving
brain.screen.render()
brain.screen.print("Render later...")
drivetrain.drive_for(FORWARD, 100, MM)
drivetrain.turn_for(RIGHT, 90, DEGREES)
brain.screen.render()