Formato de cadena#

Introducción #

The .format() method in Python is used to create strings that include variables, expressions, or values. This method replaces curly brace placeholders {} in a string with values provided inside .format().

x = 1
y = 5

# Display the variables using .format()
print("Position: ({}, {})".format(x, y))

# Display a calculation using .format()
print("Sum: {}".format(5 + 3))

wait(1, SECONDS)
# Display the time using .format()
print("Time: {}".format(timer.time(SECONDS)))

Formatting Numbers with .format – Insert values and expressions into a string.

:.xf – Establece la cantidad de decimales a mostrar.
round – Redondea un número a una cantidad determinada de decimales.
:, – Agrega comas como separadores de miles.
:.x% – Convierte un decimal en un porcentaje con x decimales.
:#x – Formatea un número como hexadecimal.
:b – Formatea un número como binario.

Combinación de cadenas: combina texto y valores.

.format – Combina cadenas y variables en una sola expresión.
Operador+ – Concatena cadenas manualmente con conversión de tipo opcional.

Métodos de cadena: cambian el caso del texto.

upper – Convierte todos los caracteres a mayúsculas.
lower – Convierte todos los caracteres a minúsculas.

Comprobación de subcadenas: prueba la presencia o posición del texto.

in – Comprueba si existe una palabra en una cadena.
startswith – Comprueba si una cadena comienza con un valor dado.
endswith – Comprueba si una cadena termina con un valor dado.

Secuencias de escape: formatear la salida con caracteres especiales.

\n – Agrega un salto de línea (nueva línea).
\t – Agrega un espacio de tabulación entre elementos.

Formatting Numbers with `.format`#

.format can be used to control how numbers appear, including decimal places, rounding, and other formatting styles such as:

Fixed Decimal Places #

.xf controls how many decimal places a number is displayed with.

Usage:
:.xf

Parámetros	Descripción
`x`	La cantidad de decimales a mostrar.

# Display pi with 2 decimal places
pi = 3.1415926535
console.print("Pi: {:.2f}".format(pi))
# Output: Pi: 3.14

Rounding Numbers #

round rounds a number to a specific number of decimal places before formatting.

Usage:
round(number, x)

Parámetros	Descripción
`number`	El número a redondear.
`x`	La cantidad de decimales a redondear.

# Display a value rounded to only 2 decimal places
value = 5.6789
console.print("Rounded: {}".format(round(value, 2)))
# Output: Rounded: 5.68

Thousands Separator #

:, inserts commas as thousands separators to make large numbers more readable.

Usage:
:,

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este especificador de formato no tiene parámetros.

# Display a large number separated with commas
number = 1234567
print("Formatted: ")
print("{:,}".format(number))
# Output: Formatted: 1,234,567

Percentage #

:.x% formats decimal values as percentages.

Usage:
:.x%

Parámetros	Descripción
`x`	La cantidad de decimales a mostrar.

def main():
    # Display a converted decimal to a percentage
    value = 0.875
    console.print("Score: {:.1%}".format(value))
    # Output: Score: 87.5%

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

Hexadecimal #

:#x converts numbers to hexadecimal.

Usage:
:#x

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este especificador de formato no tiene parámetros.

def main():
    # Convert 255 to hexadecimal
    number = 255
    console.print("Hex: {:#x}".format(number))
    # Output: Hex: 0xff

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

Binary #

:b converts numbers to binary (base 2).

Usage:
:b

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este especificador de formato no tiene parámetros.

def main():
    # Convert 3 to binary
    console.print("Binary: {:b}".format(3))
    # Output: Binary: 11

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

Combinando cadenas #

Puede combinar (o concatenar) cadenas utilizando dos enfoques:

Using .format #

Insert values directly into the string using {}.

def main():
    # Display an answer based on the given emotion
    emotion = "good"
    console.print("I'm {}, you?".format(emotion))

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

+ Operator #

Join multiple parts by using +.

Note: Non-strings must first be converted to strings using str().

def main():
    # Display the x and y values
    x = 10
    y = 20
    console.print("X: " + str(x) + ", Y: " + str(y))

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

Métodos de cadena #

Python proporciona métodos integrados para modificar y comprobar cadenas.

upper #

upper converts all letters in a string to uppercase.

Usage:
upper()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

def main():
    # Capitalize a string with .upper()
    message = "vexcode"
    console.print(message.upper())  # Output: VEXCODE

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

lower #

lower converts all letters in a string to lowercase.

Usage:
lower()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

def main():
    # Make a string lowercase with .lower()
    message = "VEXCODE"
    console.print(message.lower())  # Output: vexcode

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

Comprobación de subcadenas #

in #

in is a keyword that returns a Boolean indicating whether a word exists in a string.

True - The word exists in the string.
False - The word does not exist in the string.

def main():
    message = "Hey everyone!"
    if "Hey" in message:
        console.print("Hello!")

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

startswith #

startswith returns a Boolean indicating whether a string begins with a given value.

True - The word starts the string.
False - The word does not start the string.

Usage:
startswith(substring)

Parámetros	Descripción
`substring`	La subcadena a comprobar dentro de la cadena.

def main():
    # Check for 'V5' at the start of a string
    message = "V5 Robot"

    if message.startswith("V5"):
        console.print("V5 first!")

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

endswith #

endswith returns a Boolean indicating whether a string ends with a given value.

True - The word ends the string.
False - The word does not end the string.

Usage:
endswith(substring)

Parámetros	Descripción
`substring`	La subcadena a comprobar dentro de la cadena.

def main():
    # Check for `Robot` at the end of a string
    message = "V5 Robot"

    if message.endswith("Robot"):
        console.print("Robot last!")

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

Secuencias de escape #

Las secuencias de escape son caracteres especiales que se utilizan dentro de cadenas para dar formato a la salida de texto.

New Line #

\n moves text to a new line when printing.

def main():
    # Display text on two lines
    console.print("First line\nSecond line")

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)

Tab Spacing #

\t inserts a tab space between words or numbers.

def main():
    # Display the quantity of disks
    quantity = 2
    console.print("Disks:\t", quantity)

# Start threads — Do not delete
start_thread(main)