Formato de cadena#

Introducción #

The .format() method in Python is used to create strings that include variables, expressions, or values. This method replaces curly brace placeholders {} in a string with values provided inside .format().

x = 1
y = 5

# Display the variables using .format()
brain.screen.print("Position: ({}, {})".format(x, y))

# Display a calculation using .format()
brain.screen.print("Sum: {}".format(5 + 3))

# Display the robot's battery capacity using .format()
brain.screen.print("Battery: {}%".format(brain.battery.capacity()))

Formatting Numbers with .format — Insert values and expressions into a string.

:.xf — Sets the number of decimal places to show.
round — Rounds a number to a given number of decimal places.
:, — Adds commas as thousands separators.
:.x% — Converts a decimal to a percentage with x decimal places.
:#x — Formats a number as hexadecimal.
:b — Formats a number as binary.

Colors — Change the color of text in the Console

Colors — Set the text color of the Console.

Combining Strings — Combine text and values.

.format() — Combine strings and variables in a single expression.
+ operator — Concatenate strings manually with optional type conversion.

String Methods — Change the case of text.

upper() — Converts all characters to uppercase.
lower() — Converts all characters to lowercase.

Checking for Substrings — Test for presence or position of text.

in — Checks if a word exists in a string.
startswith() — Checks if a string begins with a given value.
endswith() — Checks if a string ends with a given value.

Escape Sequences — Format output with special characters.

\n — Adds a line break (new line).
\t — Adds a tab space between items.

Formatting Numbers with `.format`#

.format can be used to control how numbers appear, including decimal places, rounding, and other formatting styles such as:

Fixed Decimal Places #

.xf controls how many decimal places a number is displayed with.

Usage:
.xf

Parámetros	Descripción
`x`	La cantidad de decimales a mostrar.

# Display pi with 2 decimal places
pi = 3.1415926535
brain.screen.print("Pi: {:.2f}".format(pi))
# Output: Pi: 3.14

Rounding Numbers #

round rounds a number to a specific number of decimal places before formatting.

Usage:
round(number, x)

Parámetros	Descripción
`number`	El número a redondear.
`x`	La cantidad de decimales a redondear.

# Display a value rounded to only 2 decimal places
value = 5.6789
brain.screen.print("Rounded: {}".format(round(value, 2)))
# Output: Rounded: 5.68

Thousands Separator #

:, inserts commas as thousands separators to make large numbers more readable.

Usage:
:,

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este especificador de formato no tiene parámetros.

# Display a large number separated with commas
number = 1234567
brain.screen.print("Formatted: ")
brain.screen.next_row()
brain.screen.print("{:,}".format(number))
# Output: Formatted: 1,234,567

Percentage #

:.x% formats decimal values as percentages.

Usage:
:.x%

Parámetros	Descripción
`x`	La cantidad de decimales a mostrar.

# Display a converted decimal to a percentage
value = 0.875
brain.screen.print("Score: {:.1%}".format(value))
# Output: Score: 87.5%

Hexadecimal #

:#x converts numbers to hexadecimal.

Usage:
:#x

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este especificador de formato no tiene parámetros.

# Convert 255 to hexadecimal
number = 255
brain.screen.print("Hex: {:#x}".format(number))
# Output: Hex: 0xff

Binary #

:b converts numbers to binary (base 2).

Usage:
:b

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este especificador de formato no tiene parámetros.

# Convert 3 to binary
brain.screen.print("Binary: {:b}".format(3))
# Output: Binary: 11

Bandera #

Puede cambiar el color del texto al imprimir en la Consola de impresión utilizando los siguientes códigos de color:

[31m — Red
[32m — Green
[34m — Blue
[30m — Black
[37m — White
[33m — Yellow
[91m — Orange
[35m — Purple
[36m — Cyan
[97m — Transparent

All color codes need to follow an escape sequence = \033 in order to function.

You can use this directly in a print command with a string.

# Print VEXcode in Red to the Print Console
print("\033[31mVEXcode")

You can also use it on its own to set all print commands afterwards to the set color.

# Set the Print Console text color to Red before printing
print("\033[31m")
print("VEXcode")

Combinando cadenas #

Puede combinar (o concatenar) cadenas utilizando dos enfoques:

Using .format #

Insert values directly into the string using {}.

# Display an answer based on the given emotion
emotion = "good"
brain.screen.print("I'm {}, you?".format(emotion))

+ Operator #

Join multiple parts by using +.

Note: Non-strings must first be converted to strings using str().

# Display the x and y values
x = 10
y = 20
brain.screen.print("X: " + str(x) + ", Y: " + str(y))

Métodos de cadena #

Python proporciona métodos integrados para modificar y comprobar cadenas.

upper #

upper converts all letters in a string to uppercase.

Usage:
upper()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

message = "vexcode"
brain.screen.print(message.upper())  # Output: VEXCODE

lower #

lower converts all letters in a string to lowercase.

Usage:
lower()

Parámetros	Descripción
	Este método no tiene parámetros.

message = "VEXCODE"
brain.screen.print(message.lower())  # Output: vexcode

Comprobación de subcadenas #

in #

in is a keyword that returns a Boolean indicating whether a word exists in a string.

True — The word exists in the string.
False — The word does not exist in the string.

message = "Hey everyone!"
if "Hey" in message:
    brain.screen.print("Hello!")

startswith #

startswith returns a Boolean indicating whether a string begins with a given value.

True — The word starts the string.
False — The word does not start the string.

Usage:
startswith(substring)

Parámetros	Descripción
`substring`	La subcadena a comprobar dentro de la cadena.

message = "AIM Robot"

if message.startswith("AIM"):
    brain.screen.print("AIM first!")

endswith #

endswith returns a Boolean indicating whether a string ends with a given value.

True — The word ends the string.
False — The word does not end the string.

Usage:
endswith(substring)

Parámetros	Descripción
`substring`	La subcadena a comprobar dentro de la cadena.

message = "AIM Robot"

if message.endswith("Robot"):
    brain.screen.print("Robot last!")

Secuencias de escape #

Las secuencias de escape son caracteres especiales que se utilizan dentro de cadenas para dar formato al texto de salida. Solo están disponibles para su uso con la consola.

New Line #

\n moves text to a new line when printing.

# Display text on two lines
print("First line\nSecond line")

Tab Spacing #

\t inserts a tab space between words or numbers.

# Display the quantity of blocks
quantity = 2
print("Blocks:\t", quantity)