光学传感器#

介绍#

EXP 光学传感器 结合了 RGB 颜色传感器和接近传感器，可检测附近物体的颜色、亮度和是否存在。它还可以利用内置 LED 灯照亮物体，以实现更精确的检测。

VEX EXP 光学传感器。

This page uses optical_sensor as the example Optical Sensor name. Replace it with your own configured name as needed.

以下是可用方法列表：

  • set_light – Turns the Optical Sensor’s LED on or off.

  • set_light_power – Sets the Optical Sensor’s light power level.

  • is_near_object – Returns whether the Optical Sensor detects an object within range.

  • color – Returns the color detected by the Optical Sensor.

  • brightness – Returns the amount of light reflected from the object.

  • hue – Returns the hue detected by the Optical Sensor.

  • object_detected – Registers a function to be called when the Optical Sensor detects an object.

  • object_lost – Registers a function to be called when the Optical Sensor loses an object.

构造函数 - 手动初始化光学传感器。

  • Optical – Creates an Optical Sensor.

设置灯光#

set_light turns the Optical Sensor’s LED on or off. This can help increase the sensor’s accuracy when detecting colors.

Usage:
optical_sensor.set_light(state)

参数

描述

状态

Sets the LED on or off. LEDStateType.ON turns the light on at 100% brightness. LEDStateType.OFF turns it off.

 
# Turn on the sensor's LED
optical_sensor.set_light(LEDStateType.ON)

设置灯光功率#

set_light_power sets the brightness of the Optical Sensor’s LED. The light can help the Optical Sensor detect objects and colors more clearly.

如果光传感器的灯熄灭，将灯光功率设置为 0% 以上即可打开灯。

如果光传感器的指示灯亮着，将光功率设置为 0% 将关闭指示灯。

百分比越高，灯光越亮；百分比越低，灯光越暗。

Usage:
optical_sensor.set_light_power(percent, units)

参数

描述

百分比

将 LED 亮度设置为整数。

单位

Optional. The unit to represent the brightness: PERCENT

 
# Turn on the sensor's light at half brightness
optical_sensor.set_light_power(50, PERCENT)

靠近对象#

is_near_object returns a Boolean indicating whether or not the Optical Sensor detects an object within range.

  • True – The Optical Sensor detects an object.

  • False – The Optical Sensor does not detect an object.

Usage:
optical_sensor.is_near_object()

参数

描述

此方法没有参数。

 
# Drive forward until an object is found
drivetrain.drive(FORWARD)
while not optical_sensor.is_near_object():
  pass
drivetrain.stop()

颜色#

color returns an instance of a Color class, based on the detected hue value. These can be compared to predefined Color objects to create conditional statements.

可选颜色有：

  • Color.BLACK

  • Color.WHITE

  • Color.RED - A hue value between 340° - 20°

  • Color.GREEN - A hue value between 80° - 140°

  • Color.BLUE - A hue value between 200° - 240°

  • Color.YELLOW - A hue value between 40° - 60°

  • Color.ORANGE - A hue value between 20° - 40°

  • Color.PURPLE - A hue value between 240° - 280°

  • Color.CYAN - A hue value between 140° - 200°

Note: The Optical Sensor is looking for hue ranges that match the specified color. For detecting specific hue ranges, see hue.

Usage:
optical_sensor.color()

参数

描述

此方法没有参数。

 
# Drive forward until red is found
drivetrain.drive(FORWARD)
while not optical_sensor.color() == Color.RED:
  pass
drivetrain.stop()

亮度#

brightness returns the amount of light reflected from the object as a decimal (float) representing a percent.

百分比越高，意味着反射回光学传感器的光线越多；百分比越低，意味着反射回的光线越少。

Usage:
optical_sensor.brightness()

参数

描述

此方法没有参数。

色调#

hue returns the hue value of the detected color as a decimal (float) from 0 to 359.

色相是用色轮上的数字来描述颜色的一种方法。

VEX 色轮，显示围绕圆周的颜色度数，红色为 0 度，随着数值增加，颜色依次过渡到彩虹的颜色。

Usage: optical_sensor.hue()

参数

描述

此方法没有参数。

 
# Look for the color pink using hue
while True:
  brain.screen.clear_screen()
  brain.screen.set_cursor(1, 1)

  if 300 < optical_sensor.hue() < 359:
    brain.screen.print("This is pink!")
  else:
    brain.screen.print("No pink detected!")

检测到目标#

object_detected registers a function to be called whenever the Optical Sensor detects a new object.

Usage:
optical_sensor.object_detected(callback, arg)

参数

描述

callback

先前定义的 函数，当光学传感器检测到新物体时执行。

arg

可选。包含要传递给回调函数的参数的元组。有关更多信息，请参阅使用带参数的函数。

 
def my_function():
  brain.screen.print("Optical Sensor detected an object")

# Call my_function whenever optical_sensor detects an object
optical_sensor.object_detected(my_function)

丢失对象#

object_lost registers a function to be called whenever the Optical Sensor loses a detected object.

Usage:
optical_sensor.object_lost(callback, arg)

参数

描述

callback

先前定义的 函数，当光学传感器丢失检测到的对象时执行。

arg

可选。包含要传递给回调函数的参数的元组。有关更多信息，请参阅使用带参数的函数。

 
def my_function():
  brain.screen.print("Optical Sensor lost an object")

# Call my_function whenever optical_sensor loses an object
optical_sensor.object_lost(my_function)

构造器#

Constructors are used to manually create Optical objects, which are necessary for configuring an Optical Sensor outside of VEXcode.

Optical#

Optical creates an Optical Sensor.

Usage:
Optical(smartport)

范围

描述

smartport

The Smart Port that the Optical Sensor is connected to, written as Ports.PORTx where x is the number of the port.

 
# Create an Optical Sensor in Port 10
optical_sensor = Optical(Ports.PORT10)
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